Inequality Between Gender And Education - 2181 Words

This essay will provide evidence of how inequalities are found in both gender and education, and will show how these inequalities intersect. An important tool in overcoming any form of oppression and injustice is education, education withholds the power to destroy, to correct and to defeat (Bagher and Hanna, 2016). Sociologists argue that gender inequalities in education, particularly the more rapid improvement in girls’ results, can be best explained by external and internal factors. This essay will explore these internal and external factors, starting with the external factors which consist of; the impact of feminism, changes in the family, changes in women’s employment and girls’ changing perceptions and ambitions. Afterwards this essay will guide you through the internal factors which are also an important factor in explaining gender inequalities in education. These factors consist of; equal opportunity policies, GCSE and coursework, challenging stereotypes in the curriculum, teacher attention and classroom interaction, and also selection and league tables. Moreover ever since the 1960s, the feminist movement has raised awareness of gender inequality in society and has since helped to challenge the traditional stereotype of a woman’s role in society, in and outside the home, in work, education and the law; by highlighting the importance of self-esteem and personal choice for a young woman (O’Leary, 2015). These changes are reflected in the media, a good illustrationShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality : Developing Countries And The Reason For The Human Development963 Words   |  4 PagesSince the beginning of time gender inequality has been an obstacle towards the human development of countries around the world. The Human Development Index was created to showcase the average achievement of males and females. However, females have been oppressed of their opportunities throughout time, which contradicts the main idea of the Human Development Index. To understand the difference between developed and developing countries and t he reason for the gender gap between males and females thereRead MoreAchieving Gender Equality : Education1520 Words   |  7 PagesAchieving Gender Equality: Education in China In Gish Jen’s short story Who s Irish?, the main character is a determined Chinese grandmother who moved to America with her husband when she was a young woman, and now, in her old age, she is nearing her limit when she cannot handle her granddaughter s behavior and how she is being raised. The story was written in 1956 and while reading it a question of interest grew in knowing about gender inequality in China and if it has changed in the last severalRead MoreQuestions On Inequalities Of Gender Inequality1625 Words   |  7 Pages1. Inequalities of Gender 1. Discuss the various forms of Gender inequality 2. Choose and discuss two theoretical perspectives used to analyze gender inequality 3. Make sure to compare the perspectives and choose which one you align yourself with Kerbo (1994) refer to gender as the socially constructed definition of what it mean to be female or male. Sex and gender are two separate terms. Sex refers to the biological characteristics. However, gender is completely different. Gender is sociallyRead MoreGender Differences And Gender Inequality1717 Words   |  7 Pages Gender differences and gender inequality are sometimes used interchangeably but do not refer to the same thing. The two concepts are common in gender literature; however, they are not uniform across different cultures based on the degree of conservative attitudes present. The significant differences between sexes and used as arguments against equal rights primarily against women’s rights. Hence, the gender issue has continually been created in light of the standard views or conceptions ofRead MoreEducation Is Not An Equal Opportunity For Everyone1473 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is something often seen as an equalizer in the face of social inju stice. The concept of using school and information to put different people on a level playing field is a noble but misguided attempt at social equality. Education undoubtedly affects the position of people in society positively, while creating an outlet to educate the ignorant, it becomes problematic when education is not an equal opportunity for everyone. In Adrienne Rich’s essay, â€Å"Taking Women Students Seriously†, sheRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Educational Institution964 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals of every race, gender, and background experience while growing up. Since social class is determined in large part by education, the effects of education carry forward into the rest of each person’s life even after they’ve long left the institution itself (Roy, lecture 10). In his lecture on the institution, Professor Roy adds that education allows for a path to social mobility while also reproducing inequalities. This paradox can be seen in both race and gender – albeit in varying degreesRead MoreInequality is a Fact of Life and Yet Condemned as an Offense to Civilized Society1253 Words   |  5 PagesInequality is presumed to be a fact of life and condemned as an offence to civilised society. The debates associated with inequality have changed over time and have been portrayed in different contexts. Inequalities can be distinguished in terms of whether they are inequalities of opportunity, inequalities of outcome, inequalities of access or inequalities in entitlement (Platt 2011). Inequality is also differentiated as to whether they are just or unjust, avoidable or unavoidable, or naturally orRead MoreGender Inequality1645 Words   |  7 PagesGender inequality is currently a hot topic in our society. From education, to the entertainment industry, and more importantly, to our daily lives, gender inequality has created a powerful divide between females and males. The same trend follows in the workplace, wh ere females are less likely to hold positions of authority compared to their male counterparts, which is a key contributor to the workplace gender inequality all across the United States. There are a lot of common misconceptions aboutRead MoreWorkplace Gender Inequality Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Gender Inequality Gender inequality is currently a hot topic in our society. From education, to the entertainment industry, and more importantly, our daily lives, gender inequality has created a powerful divide between females and males with the seemingly same qualifications and background. The same trend follows in the workplace, females are less likely to hold positions of authority compared to their equivalent male counterparts. This is a key contributor to the lack of gender equalityRead MoreThe Role Of Economic Development As Measured Through Levels1485 Words   |  6 PagesGender inequality has been and is still a problem being faced worldwide. It has inhibited the social, economical, and political growth of women in all different nations, especially third-world countries.There are various implications that change the level of inequality such as education, culture, religion, democratization of countries, years of independence, and most importantly, economic development. (Dollar Gatti, 1999). This paper is examining the role economic development as measured through

School Readiness and Transition to School - 2513 Words

School readiness and transition to school By Sonja Tansey Starting school can be an exciting, though often anxious experience for young children and their families. When children move from a familiar child care environment, with established relationships and routines, a larger more structured school setting can be overwhelming even for very confident children. Child care services play an important role in preparing children and families for school and easing their transition from child care to the school setting. The value of effective school readiness and transition Positive early school experiences through sound preparation and smooth transitions create good short and long term outcomes for children. Effective school†¦show more content†¦It is more important for their child to have good social skills and to be a confident learner to set the foundations for a lifetime of learning. Families can be reminded that the essential social skills needed for school are being fostered through the early childhood program. Child care professionals can explain how participating in play with others helps children to develop the skills to take turns, build relationships and express thoughts and ideas. Early childhood programs can promote the following skills to support children’s school readiness. Social skills to support children to: †¢ positively approach other children and make friends; †¢ participate in play; †¢ express emotions and deal with conflict appropriately; †¢ show interest in others and form friendships; †¢ express their needs and wants appropriately; †¢ separate from parents or primary carers; †¢ take turns in games and activities; Families may seek advice from child care professionals about which school would be most suitable for their child. Services can encourage families to consider factors such as the school philosophy, location, cost, facilities and resources, religious orientation and how these may suit their child and family needs. †¢ share toys and equipment; There are a number of recognised authorities that produce school readiness information for families. The Centre for Community Child Health provides a useful Parent Information Sheet on School ReadinessShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech : Student s College Readiness And School Performance1242 Words   |  5 PagesSpecific Purpose: To persuade my speech class to demand a combined test(s) that evaluates both student’s college readiness and school performance. Thesis: Community members and students should urge the educational system and government to develop a test or series of tests that both evaluate a student’s college readiness and school’s performance. Introduction: For the 2014-2015 school year it was projected that 2.2 million of 3.3 million students enrolled straight into post secondary education (EducationRead MoreSchool Readiness Tests : Pre K 3rd Grade951 Words   |  4 PagesSchool Readiness Tests: Pre-K-3rd grade We have come a long way from Frobel’s work â€Å"with young children in a garden setting and taking them on excursions into the countryside† (Wilson, 2011, p. 34). In today’s society early childhood education has focus on getting young children ready for school. School accountability and the achievement of students have become extremely important. Many believe that having a focus on school readiness test with the increase pressure that teachers and schoolsRead MoreTransitions Of Career Development And Transition Programs836 Words   |  4 PagesTransitions occur throughout life and there are numerous transitions students face within the school setting. Since school counselors support students in academic, career and college, and social and personal development, school counselors are in key positions to provide students with opportunities, equity, and access to programs that support smooth transitions and college and career readiness (Erford, 2015). Career d evelopment and transition programs are important because they support they can provideRead MoreChallenges Of Children Face When They Start School1703 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the challenges that children face when they start school? Transition from early childhood to middle childhood involves many milestones in a child’s life, but none quite as significant for both parent and child as when it is time to start fulltime school. Even when a child has been attending pre-school nursery, private nursery, a childminder, or nanny, it is still a major event in any parent and child’s relationship, and as such can cause a lot of anxiety for either or both child and parentRead MoreExamples Of Ctce Policies1127 Words   |  5 Pagesgrades k-12 to ensure the college readiness and workforce. Greg Abbot announced the program is funded with $7.2 million in grants raised from the Texas Workforce Commission and Board. The grants are awarded throughout high schools. Designed to support all the programs that can help the students into the workforce, and have a learning experience. Texas State Board of Education, has been in consultation with developing a foreign language program for public school to help provide students with littleRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Readiness1327 Words   |  6 PagesAllgood 1 Erin Allgood prof. Walls English 1301 4 December 2014 College Readiness Students in today’s society are not adequately prepared in high school to enter and take on the challenges of college. Yet, millions of high school graduates dive right in because that is what they are expected to do. We are setting them up for failure by having this unrealistic expectation that students can succeed unprepared. According to The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, nearly 60% ofRead MoreEffects Of Neglect And Emotional Development Towards School Readiness Name1904 Words   |  8 PagesAFFECTS OF NEGLECT AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS SCHOOL READINESS Name Institution Affects of Neglect and Emotional Development Towards School Readiness The consequences of childhood neglect and physical abuse can never be over emphasized. It affects approximately 30 children in 1,000 per capita in Washington State alone and is likely underestimated as not all neglect cases are reported or investigated. (http://www.doh.waRead MoreEssay on Common Core State Standards and Its Impact on Curriculum 1641 Words   |  7 Pagesuniformity in student proficiency and high school graduates have the know-how and ability needed for college and a competitive workforce in the twenty-first century. Along with forty-three other states and the District of Columbia, Mississippi adopted CCSS in 2011 in English and mathematics (Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2010). Two primary components make up the Common Core State Standards. The primary components are: The College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards (CCR) and Grade SpecificRead MoreEssay Early Learning1308 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermine if children who participate in structured preschool programs are more successful in kindergarten or first grade. There are a few types of preschool programs. First there are structured preschool programs that focus on emphasizing an actual school setting and classroom activities in order to prepare the child for kindergarten or first grade. There are also day care centers, which are not as structured as preschool centers. Daycare’s focus mainly on child’s development through social interactionRead MoreThe Effects Of Structured Work Experience On The Work Readiness Skills Of Students With Disabilities Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesIn the dissertation, The Effects of Structured Work Experience on The Work Readiness Skills of Students with Disabilities, Pacha (2013) examined the work readiness of high school students with disabilities (i.e., â€Å"mental retardation, learning disability or emotional disturbance†) (p.61). The study explored whether the implementation of a work readiness intervention would affect work readiness skills of students with disabilities (Pacha, 20 13). Moreover, the study also examined the effect of other

Fast Food Industry Free Essays

I Source: Food and Agro Business Monitor, October 2001; Company websites; News articles One testament to the windows of opportunity and growth in the industry is the rise of Mango ‘nasal, the country’s fastest growing barbecue fast food chain, which after only eight years, is already 390 stores strong as of July 2011. Despite the presence of industry giants and having been established first in the Visas, Mango ‘nasal has shown that there is enough room for new players given the right product at the right price. As in the past, Jollied sensed an opportunity and acquired a controlling share of Mango ‘nasal. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, Jollied sold its Deliverance business unit and stopped operations of its carrier-inspired food chain Mango Epee stores, which will eventually be converted to its other brands. Owing to the popularity of coffee hops and the Filipinos growing penchant for drinking coffee, Jollied also entered the coffee shop business through a Korean-based restaurant brand, Cafe It-ammo. It was launched in 2010 and has already three branches offering Goleta and coffee in a business as a strategy to gain market share and offer a less expensive but quality coffee experience. Most of the other major players in the industry have also expanded led by Pizza Hut, McDonald’s, and Shakes. Some Jollied mandolin’s stores in Metro Manila are undergoing renovation to improve store appearance/image and better serve its customers. Chicken many KEF slowed down partially due to the effects of the Asian financial crisis to the Armco Group but it has since recovered. In 2008, Armco acquired Tokyo Tokyo, the country’s leading Japanese fast food chain. Armco also owns the master franchise of Mister Donuts in the country which has over a thousand shops nationwide. Products, Variety, and Value-addition The major traditional types of fast food chains are still the hamburger chains, chicken houses, pizza/pasta parlors and Chinese food chains. However, other fast food chains are catching up like the donuts chains, coffee shops, barbecue houses, bakeshops and Filipino food chains. While the food offerings in fast food stores are essentially within the type for which the chain was established, the available products are already a mix of food items wherein the banner product may not be the most popular. Jolliness’s Chicken]oh, for instance, may be as popular if not more popular than its Hamburger. It also has Filipino dishes like beef tap (smoked beef),longhairs (local pork sausage), and crispy Bangui (militias). Chocking, a Chinese fast food, has also Filipino food like benevolentness, kangaroo (water spinach), longhairs, beef tap and halo-halo. McDonald’s, a burger chain, also has longhairs in its menu. Roasted chicken chain Kenny Rogers, for its part, offers other food items for the health conscious like roast chicken, healthy plate, high protein meal, high fiber meal, low calorie meal, grilled chicken/sausage/fish meals, and vegetable salads. KEF, Pizza Hut,Shakes, and Wend’s also have vegetable salads in their menu. Wend’s was first to offer a salad bar and the first fast food to enter into a memorandum of agreement with the Department of Health in support of its Healthy Lifestyle Campaign. There is also continuous new product development eke Cuff’s Double Down (all-meat, no-bun sandwich), Wend’s shrimp sandwich and abstractor, Showing’s Chinese-style fried chicken, and Jolliness’s crunchy chicken burger, sweet and sour meatballs and chicken nugget crunchers. Part of product development is seasonal offerings especially during Lent, when people try to fast and abstain from meat. Some products that come out at this time are tuna pie and fish twister. Other than the product mix and variety, fast food chains also offer affordable alternatives for the budget-conscious. The price of the budget items can range from a low of POP. O for a Burger McCoy or apple pie, POP. O for Jolliness’s beef with mushrooms and rice to a high of POP. O for Cuff’s Wow Slit Meal of I-piece chicken, rice, and regular drink (Table 3). Table 3. Value for Money Food Items, July 2011 | Company I Budget Food Items I Price (PH) I Jollied I Rice Meal errs, Value Meals | 39. 00 – 55. 001 Chocking I Value Kings, combo Kings 1 29. 00-87. 001 Mango ‘nasal I Slit Meals, Built Meals | 49. 00 | McDonald’s I Value Meals, Massacre Meals, Everyday Massacres | 25. 00 – 55. 00 | KEF I wow Burger, wow slit Meals 1 30. 00-89. 001 Wend’s I super value Menu | 37. 0 – 62. 001 Source: Company websites; internet search Over the years, fast food chains have also added a new value to their relationship with loyal customers with the use of patronage cards. Some of these cards include Shakes Pizzicato Supercargo, Pizza Hut’s Palm card, Angel Pizza’s Privilege card, mandolin’s Midnight card. For the pizza chains, the card allows the customer to buy one box of pizza and take one box for free. On the other hand, the Midnight card allows customers to get free items on orders from 12:01 am to 3:59 am. The promotions are valid only within a prescribed period. A Still Growing Industry A number of factors and strategies, both external and internal to the fast food industry, are contributing to its continuing growth. Boos The growth of the business process outsourcing (BOO) industry has enhanced the eating out habits in the country as Episcopalian have a 2417 work schedule. Major fast food chains have adapted to this changing lifestyle with a 2417 restaurant business hours in strategic locations close to the Boos. McDonald’s and Wend’s were one of the pioneers in the 2417 delivery service. Given the company websites, there is also the facility of ordering on line and allowing fast foods in Backbone and Twitter. Locations expansion of malls and supermarkets around the country is another plus factor for the fast food industry. The on-going and planned Allay, Purebred, Robinsons, Shoppers and SMS establishments will be providing the space and foot traffic for the fast food chains’ expansion. Pricing Value pricing or value meals will continue to be a strategy for fast food chains, as surveys still indicate low prices as a reason for choosing a fast food restaurant. Another price proposition is the unlimited rice promotion of some stores like Mango nasal, Tokyo Tokyo, and recently, Tropical Hut. Movie tie-ins Another strategy to stimulate frequent store visits is the fast food tie-in promotion of hit movies with the offering of limited edition gadgets, collectibles, and food items like Captain America in Jollied and Dunking’ Donuts and Transformers in KEF. McDonald’s is also offering Coca Cola can glass collectibles. Branding Fast foods also use a sort of â€Å"multiple-branding† to draw more customers by offering a large number of items whereby several fast food chains are located side by side. This is the case of Jollied beside Chocking, Greenwich, and Red Ribbon. Chains like the Armco group have also started co-branding where a Mister Donuts kiosk is in a KEF store. Bank tie-ups As a meaner to increase patronage of credit cards, companies like the Bank of the Philippine Islands, Banc De ROR, and Metronome have tied-up with some fast food stores where customers can redeem promotional freebies based on amount charged to their credit card. The fast food stores include Jollied, Chocking, Mango ‘nasal, Backlog ‘nasal, Goldbricks, Greenwich, and Pizza Hut. This win-win scheme is expected to enhance repeat usage for credit card companies as well as increased sat food store visits. Value propositions some fast food stores provide newspapers and free Wi-If internet connection. Many chains are also remodeling their facilities; expanding their selection of desserts, beverages, snacks and breakfast items; adding grilled items; reducing fat and sodium; and catering to customers with diabetes or gluten intolerance. Some chains, particularly in developed countries, are also catering to a broader range of customers with hall-only or kosher food in their menu. Major companies have also set up foundations which implement their corporate social responsibility initiatives. Prospects There is a lot of optimism and positive outlook as expressed by major players. Jollied Foods Corporation has revised its target upwards in 2011, and plans to open 160 stores in the country across all its brands. The company is looking at a 12-15 percent growth for the year with expected brisk sales and lower raw materials cost, and provided there will be no major spikes in inflation and petroleum prices. Mango ‘nasal for its part is targeting to hit 500 stores by 2012. McDonald’s is planning to build 20-30 stores every year in the next five years. For instance, artificial strawberry flavor food The regular consumption of Junk food is the leading factor in obesity and excess weight. Obesity is second only to smoking as a cause of death in America. 46 percent of Canadian adults are either overweight or obese, with obesity in children increasing threefold over the past two decades. Consumption of soft drinks containing sugar has been linked to weight gain and an increased risk for development of Type 2 diabetes. Studies have revealed that obese people have wick the rate of chronic health problems as people of normal weight. This includes 100-percent greater chance of developing Type 2 diabetes, 50-percent increased likelihood of developing heart disease. Obese men are nearly 90 percent more likely to get colon cancer. Junk food diet is a major cause of heart diseases. High cholesterol resulting from Junk food puts undue strain on the liver, causing long-term damage to this essential organ. Research has suggested that diets high in fat may also impair essential brain functions, like concentration and memory. The nun food facts about soft drinks alone are alarming. How to cite Fast Food Industry, Essays Fast Food Industry Free Essays Sharp makes use of illustration in â€Å"Berger Queen† in several body paragraphs.   Her overall thesis is that McDonald’s really isn’t that bad of a job and she’s actually enjoyed it, so when she went from a pre-med major to an English major, her life did not get any worse.   In paragraph two, she again uses narration, as in paragraph three. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now    In paragraph four is where Sharp begins to utilize Illustration to back up her points.   The topic sentence, â€Å"†¦respect for the workers of the fast food industry is lost among most adults†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is supported by several examples, one being, â€Å"†¦grown men driving Lincoln Town cars have bickered with me for five minutes over a measly ten cent increase in the price of an egg mcmuffin.† Paragraph five goes into further illustration of the point made in paragraph four.   Paragraph six also uses illustration.   The topic sentence, â€Å"A small portion of our patrons are so confused that there is really nothing to do but wait for them to leave† is supported by, â€Å"my most prominent example†¦is the infamous snack attack lady, who ordered hotcakes and sausage during our 90-second- guaranteed-service hour and then ate her breakfast right outside the drive-thru window.†Ã‚   Paragraph seven also incorporates illustration.   The topic sentence, â€Å"there are some great customers out there† is supported by the explanation of those great customers and what they do, â€Å"If I missed a day of work, I would return to inquiries about my health and concern that all was well.†   The first paragraph is a narrative and uses dialog to express her point and to draw the reader into the story How to cite Fast Food Industry, Essays

Literature Review on Finite Element Analysis of Pile Foundations

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review on Finite Element Analysis of Pile Foundations. Answer: Introduction Pile foundations are used as medium between unstable soil and solid ground in order to initiate construction of solid structures like building, pillar, etc. These pile foundations exhibit different behavior in different physical conditions and external factors. Hence, the pile foundation behavior has been a subject of research for a long time. Many researchers have tested and used different research techniques for understanding the nature and behavior of pile foundation according to different external characteristics. Different researchers used different external factors to analyze the change in the behavior of pile foundation with the change in the effect of external factors. Again, different researchers used different techniques and methods for the research purposes that have given different and nearly accurate results on the behavior of pile foundations. In this assignment, the works of different researchers have been analyzed and the results have been discussed. Literature Review Gerolymos et al. (2014, pp.18-20) used beam on Winkler foundation model (BWF) for the analysis of pile foundations against static and dynamic loading. They mainly based their research on the soil behaviour against deflecting pile. They also analysed soil and interface non-linearities (slippage and separation of the pile from the soil), frequency-dependent visco-plastic response (radiation damping) and cyclic hysteretic soil behaviour during a dynamic pile-soil interaction. The main question of their research was How the frequency-dependent nonlinear characteristics of the sub grade reaction for laterally and axially loaded piles can be realistically captured through topologically appropriate assemblies of spring and dashpots with frequency independent parameters? In their research paper, they published a soil reaction model in which they used non-linear frequency-independent springs and dashpots in a series-parallel arrangement. Their model is suitable for the sample pile subjected to horizontal or axial load. They used some equations and parameters for designing a soil reaction model. After the soil modeling, they conducted their experiment by using different configurations like Axial Loading and Lateral Loading used different techniques and verified the obtained results. Their research results contained the following factors that they found to be realistically capturable with the help of a simple lumped parameter model. Relation with frequency Non-linearity of material and interface Radiation-hysteresis coupling Their lumped parameter model consisted of a set of appropriately arranged frequency independent springs masses and dashpots. Li, Guan Zhang (2016, pp.177-193) analysed the pile foundation behaviour due to the effect of ocean waves by using the transient dynamic analysis with scaled boundary finite element method. In this process, they chose the semi-analytic numerical method (scaled boundary finite element method) for investigating pile foundation time-dependant behaviour under ocean wave loads. They also used Wave-Structure Interaction (WSI) framework for their research. To address the problems of WSI framework, they took the help of three-dimensional SBFEM model. They mainly emphasized on mathematical calculations rather than collecting samples and practical experiments. They used scientific formulae and calculations to find the results and hence, their results had some errors that can only be removed by verifying with the practical and experimental results. Hence, this method was called semi-analytic method. They first analysed the problems and summarized them using formulations. After that, they analysed wave behaviour and structural response for calculating approximate numerical values for the pile behaviour. For their research, they used SBFEM model in order to address the magnitude of interaction between waves and structures. They also executed model validation process with the help of softwares and produced a number of graphical representations of different equations. They also made a graphical comparison between FEM and SBFEM and published the results that were to some extent inaccurate with respect to practical values. Brinkgreve (2014) made a more realistic and simple approach by using software 3D modelling techniques. He recreated some software generated replicas of different building foundations and other structures. He applied mathematical calculations and models in these models to analyse the behaviour of the pile foundations. He also used different sample case studies in order to analyse different types of behaviour of pile foundations from different external agents. The simplicity of Brinkgreves (2014) approach made it possible for a more precise analysis of pile foundation behaviour. His technique is suitable for analysing pile behaviour of some foundations that cannot be analysed in situ. However, the main problem with this approach is that it requires high technical support. Moreover, the software costs are also extremely high. Finally, accurate practical results are also not obtainable with this technique. Kato et al. (2014) conducted another study regarding this subject but based on a single case study. They analysed pile foundation behaviour that was affected by liquefaction and lateral spreading with pinning effect that occurred during the 2010 Maule Chile Earthquake. Their main objective of study was the analysis of the soil behavior and change in stability and performances due to high powered impact such as earthquake. In this particular research, they analyzed a number of mini case studies i.e. they analyzed different structures that were affected by the earthquake. Their analysis resulted in the following conclusions. The laterally loaded pile behavior is actively affected by the 3D geometry used for its construction. Two approaches, namely, 3D FEM and LPile, can be used to determine the lateral displacement of the foundations and this resulted in deviation between 5 to 25 cm. Slope displacements can actively affect pile foundation behavior but are frequently ignored, as the effects are not clearly visible. As evident from most of the cases, pinning effect acts as a barrier for analyzing pile behavior as its effect appears even before maximum restriction force of the pile is achieved. NiniĆ¡, Stascheit Meschkes (2014, pp.1453-1476) research was based Embedded beam formulation for discretization independent finite element analyses of interactions between pile foundations or rock anchors and the surrounding soil i.e. they mainly based their research on the formulation of embedded beam after analyzing the behavior of the pile foundation and soil interaction. Instead of modeling and formulations, they considered a simple beam structure that was to be erected on the soil after the analysis of pile foundation behavior. For this purpose, they considered arbitrary number of pile foundations and analyzed them against an arbitrary number of pile foundation orientations. In this model, they represented beam elements as individual piles. The benefit of this approach was that they were able to use analyze and find results under different conditions and arrangements. They also used 3D reference model for calculating some important parameters. However, this provided i naccurate results and errors had to be detected and removed to obtain nearly accurate results. Evaluation Gerolymos et al. (2014, pp.18-20) observed that the pile periphery generated waves are completely absorbed by the used absorbents when 20% loading is used. When 120% ultimate static soil reaction is generated by the used processes, they found that the pile is not generating any waves. They found that this is caused by intense mobilization of the slippage and the energy gets dissipated by radiation. Li, Guan Zhang (2016, pp.177-193) has provided a more specific approach to the topic and has limited their research to ocean waves as external factors. From their research, the actual magnitude of the effect of ocean waves on the pile behaviour foundations can be known. Brinkgreves (2014) approach has made it possible to study and analyse pile foundation behaviour using simple mathematical modelling techniques. His research provides graphical representations and model diagrams that can be used as bases for further research using mathematical formulations. Kato et al. (2014) provides a specific approach towards the pile foundation behaviour against large magnitude impacts like earthquake. They used a specific case study for analysis and provided more accurate results along with the constraints related to the study of pile foundation behaviour in this type of case study. NiniĆ¡, Stascheit Meschkes (2014, pp.1453-1476) approach included the use of embedded beam as an element required for the study of the pile foundation behavior. They made simplified approach that included different orientations of elements to consider different behaviors of the pile foundations against different external conditions. Conclusions From the report, several conclusions can be drawn regarding the Finite Element Analysis of Pile Foundations. As evident from the works on this topic, many researchers have tested and used different research techniques for understanding the nature and behavior of pile foundation according to different external characteristics. Different researchers used different external factors to analyze the change in the behavior of pile foundation with the change in the effect of external factors. Gerolymos and his fellow researchers used beam on Winkler foundation model (BWF) for the analysis of pile foundations against static and dynamic loading. They mainly based their research on the soil behaviour against deflecting pile. On the other hand, Li, Guan Zhang analysed the pile foundation behaviour due to the effect of ocean waves by using the transient dynamic analysis with scaled boundary finite element method. In this process, they chose the semi-analytic numerical method (scaled boundary fin ite element method) for investigating pile foundation time-dependant behaviour under ocean wave loads. Again, Brinkgreve made a more realistic and simple approach by using software 3D modelling techniques. He recreated some software generated replicas of different building foundations and other structures. Kato and his team, on the other hand, conducted another study regarding this subject but based on a single case study. They analysed pile foundation behaviour that was affected by liquefaction and lateral spreading with pinning effect that occurred during the 2010 Maule Chile Earthquake. NiniĆ¡, Stascheit Meschke followed another approach and based their research on the formulation of embedded beam after analyzing the behavior of the pile foundation and soil interaction. Instead of modeling and formulations, they considered a simple beam structure that was to be erected on the soil after the analysis of pile foundation behavior. All these different approaches provided d ifferent results and outcomes, but they can be used as benchmark values for the pile foundation behavior against different external factors. Hence, it can be said that, different approaches were made to find different results from the same case analysis but all these results can be accumulated together to find a regular set of values that can be used as future reference and standard behavioral characteristics of the pile foundation against different external factors. References Brinkgreve, R.B., 2014, April. Efficient modelling of pile foundations in the finite element method. InDFIMEC 2014, Dubai, UAE. AUD. Gerolymos, N., Kassas, K., Bouzoni, E. Brinkgreve, R., 2014, June. Dynamic analysis of piles subjected to axial and lateral loading with emphasis on soil and interface nonlinearities. InProceedings of the 8th European conference on numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, Delft, The Netherlands, in CD Rom(pp. 18-20). Kato, K., Gonzales, D., Ledezma, C. Ashford, S., 2014, July. Analysis of pile foundations affected by liquefaction and lateral spreading with pinning effect during the 2010 maule chile earthquake. InProceedings of the 10th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering; Anchorage, AK, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. Li, M., Guan, H. Zhang, H., 2016. Transient dynamic analysis of pile foundation responses due to ocean waves using the scaled boundary finite element method.Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy,2(2), pp.177-193. NiniĆ¡, J., Stascheit, J. Meschke, G., 2014. Beamsolid contact formulation for finite element analysis of pilesoil interaction with arbitrary discretization.International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,38(14), pp.1453-1476. Bibliography Byrne, B.W., McAdam, R., Burd, H., Houlsby, G., Martin, C., Zdravkovi, L., Taborda, D., Potts, D., Jardine, R. Sideri, M., 2015. New design methods for large diameter piles under lateral loading for offshore wind applications. In3rd International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG 2015), Oslo, Norway, June(pp. 10-12). Chatterjee, K., Choudhury, D. Poulos, H.G., 2015. Seismic analysis of laterally loaded pile under influence of vertical loading using finite element method.Computers and Geotechnics,67, pp.172-186. Das, B.M., 2015.Principles of foundation engineering. Cengage learning. Gashti, E.H.N., Uotinen, V.M. Kujala, K., 2014. Numerical modelling of thermal regimes in steel energy pile foundations: A case study.Energy and buildings,69, pp.165-174. Hamayoon, K., Morikawa, Y., Oka, R. Zhang, F., 2016. 3D dynamic finite element analyses and 1g shaking table tests on seismic performance of existing group-pile foundation in partially improved grounds under dry condition.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,90, pp.196-210. Jayasinghe, L.B., Thambiratnam, D.P., Perera, N. Jayasooriya, J.H.A.R., 2013. Computer simulation of underground blast response of pile in saturated soil.Computers Structures,120, pp.86-95. Keawsawasvong, S. Ukritchon, B., 2016. Finite element analysis of undrained stability of cantilever flood walls.International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, pp.1-13. Laursen, T.A., 2013.Computational contact and impact mechanics: fundamentals of modeling interfacial phenomena in nonlinear finite element analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Luo, C., Yang, X., Zhan, C., Jin, X. Ding, Z., 2016. Nonlinear 3D finite element analysis of soilpilestructure interaction system subjected to horizontal earthquake excitation.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,84, pp.145-156. Padrn, L.A., Surez, A., Aznrez, J.J. Maeso, O., 2015. Kinematic internal forces in deep foundations with inclined piles.Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics,44(12), pp.2129-2135. Papadopoulou, K., Saroglou, H. Papadopoulos, V., 2014. Finite Element Analyses and Experimental Investigation of Helical Micropiles.Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,32(4), pp.949-963. Rowe, R.K. Liu, K.W., 2015. Three-dimensional finite element modelling of a full-scale geosynthetic-reinforced, pile-supported embankment.Canadian Geotechnical Journal,52(12), pp.2041-2054. Wang, W., Regueiro, R.A. McCartney, J.S., 2015. Coupled axisymmetric thermo-poro-mechanical finite element analysis of energy foundation centrifuge experiments in partially saturated silt.Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,33(2), pp.373-388. Yun, L., Cheng, W., Yingren, Z. Zongxing, Z., 2013. Study on Strength Reduction FEM of Bearing Capacity Analysis on Composite Foundation with Underwater Sand Piles [J].Chongqing Architecture,2, p.010. Zhao, B., Liu, Y., Goh, S.H. Lee, F.H., 2016. Parallel finite element analysis of seismic soil structure interaction using a PC cluster.Computers and Geotechnics,80, pp.167-177.